torque equilibrium and center of gravity lab report

Because the normal forces produced by the thumb and by the fingers are not collinear, the finger forces generate the moments of force with respect to the thumb as a pivot. The external torque was counterbalanced by the moments produced by both normal and tangential forces with each of them generating approximately 50% of the total moment ( Zatsiorsky et al. The grip force has been shown to increase with an increase in the external torque ( Zatsiorsky et al.

The orientation control during prehension has been examined mainly in static tasks ( Zatsiorsky et al. For instance, when drinking from a glass, one needs to control the glass orientation in such a way that the liquid is not spilled out. The control of orientation of handheld objects is important for everyday activities. We would like to emphasize the linearity of the observed relations, which was not prescribed by the task mechanics and seems to be produced by specific neural control mechanisms. The observed effects agree with the principle of superposition-according to which some complex actions, for example, prehension, can be decomposed into elemental actions controlled independently-and the mechanical advantage hypothesis according to which in moment production the fingers are activated in proportion to their moment arms with respect to the axis of rotation. The rotational equilibrium was maintained by two means: (1) Concerted changes of the moments produced by the normal and tangential forces, specifically anti-phase changes of the moments during the tasks with zero external torque and in-phase changes during the non-zero-torque tasks, and (2) Redistribution of the normal forces among individual fingers such that the agonist fingers-the fingers that resist external torque-increased the force in phase with the acceleration, while the forces of the antagonist fingers-those that assist the external torque-especially, the fingers with the large moment arms, the index and little fingers, stayed unchanged. Three movement frequencies: 1, 1.5 and 2 Hz, and five different torques: −1/3, −1/6, 0, 1/6 and 1/3 Nm, were used. The handle allowed for setting different clockwise (negative) or counterclockwise torques. Six young healthy male subjects grasped an instrumented handle and performed its cyclic motion in the vertical direction. Case 2(b) (calculated) iz 197 (measured) error *Draw a diagram to illustrate each case, using the Case I diagram as an example, Attach a sheet to the Laboratory Report showing calculations for each case.We address issues of simultaneous control of the grasping force and the total moment of forces applied to a handheld object during its manipulation. om 101m Thym deleskg 696 Percent 1.52% diff. 409m DATA TABLE 1 Diagram Values (add me to masses if clamps used) Moment (lever) arms Results Case 2(a) Case 2(a) 4 m 116 kg - ison som, 349m 349 m 217kg 696 m, 479m 479 Percent 31.40% m 117 kg. Apparatus with Point of Support at Center of Gravity Mass of meterstick 0.08334 Total mass of clamps 0.0494 Key Average mass of one clamp, m Balancing position (center of gravity) of meterstick - D.

Torques, Equilibrium, and Center of Gravity TT Laboratory Report A. 217 m 382 217 (known) (from expt.) (calculated) Percent error Case 4 (instructor's option) Transcribed image text: EXPERIMENT 14 Torques, Equilibrium, and Center of Gravity Laboratory Report Diagram Values (add me to masses if clamps are used) Moment (lever) arms Results Case 3 m (known).

Torque equilibrium and center of gravity lab report